From the Under-21s, the two have advanced to the senior Three Lions team.
Interim head coach Lee Carsley has selected the 22-year-olds Branthwaite and Trafford for UEFA Nations League matches against Greece and the Republic of Ireland.
Because Trafford’s teammate, custodian Dean Henderson, was included in the initial 26-man roster, there are now three Cumbrians in the England squad.
Branthwaite, who returned to the Everton side on Saturday, has one full England cap to his name while Burnley’s Trafford, the regular Under-21s No1, has yet to be capped.
Wigton star Branthwaite and Greysouthen keeper Trafford, both of whom started at Carlisle United’s academy, are joined by Aston Villa’s Morgan Rogers, Newcastle United’s Tino Livramento and West Ham United’s Jarrod Bowen in joining the squad.
It follows the withdrawal of eight players, with Trent Alexander-Arnold, Levi Colwill, Phil Foden, Jack Grealish, Cole Palmer, Aaron Ramsdale, Declan Rice and Bukayo Saka all unavailable.
England, now with a 23-man squad, go to Greece on Thursday and then face the Republic of Ireland on Sunday.
Branthwaite and Trafford had originally been expected to face Spain and the Netherlands with Ben Futcher’s Under-21s, where the squad also includes Ipswich Town striker Liam Delap, the son of former Carlisle star Rory.
Trafford’s call-up sees him take the place of Southampton keeper Ramsdale, who has a suspected fractured finger.
Branthwaite, who won his first full England cap against Bosnia & Herzegovina in the summer, is a fresh defensive option for Carsley given Chelsea man Colwill’s withdrawal.
Henderson, meanwhile, has two Three Lions caps, the Whitehaven-born keeper starting in the 3-1 win against Finland during the last international break.
The trio are in the last England squad before new head coach Thomas Tuchel takes charge in January.
